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Shale Rock Mastery and Stone Aura Tree Talents Testing
Let's do something fun!

- Shale's motto

Talent Mechanics
Until now, virtually no firm numerical data concerning Shale's talents could be found. I have conducted some thorough tests to fill this gap. The results are as follows (refer to specific talent pages for more details):

Rock Mastery Tree
With Rock Mastery tree maxed out, the following modifiers are applied to Shale and the party members: Shale:, , , ,. Party:,.

Stone Aura Tree
With Stone Aura tree maxed out, the following modifiers are applied to Shale and the party members: Shale:, , ,. Party:, , , (both melee and ranged), , , ,  and. The aura also debuffs all enemies within its range, imposing and  penalties, as well as reducing their movement speed.

Methodology
Most of the tests were quite test-consuming, but relatively simple in nature: basically, I was adding necessary talents one by one with runscript addtalent console command and writing down the results. That said, three instances deserve closer examination:


 * Hurl Rock and Rock Barrage damage formulae were calculated by using runscript dbg_setattrib 1 X. I've tried to hit the same enemies with Hurl Rock/Rock Barrage using Shale with 0 strength, with 50 strength, and with 100 strength points, respectively. The results were consistent. While I'm aware the actual in-game damage calculation formulae for these talents differ from my approximations, I believe a reasonably reliable approximation is much better than no formula at all.


 * Ranged fire rate was calculated by using a level 16 PC rogue with a plain Tier 6 longbow, Aim sustainable active (to slow down the fire rate intentionally). The fire rate was tested first without Shale's maxed out Rock Mastery aura, then with it. The results were consistent: ~3 seconds vs. ~1.5 seconds per shot.


 * Shale's spell resistance in maxed out Stone Aura mode was tested vs. Genlock Emissary. The Emissary had cast a total of 100 spells (yes, it took half a dozen attempts and some heavy abuse of runscript healplayer to get the job done). Shale made this calculation simple by resisting exactly 25 of them. Not even 24 or 26 :)


 * Party spell resistance under the effects of maxed out Stone Aura was tested with naked Alistair vs. the same Genlock Emissary. Alistair resisted 5 out of 125 spells. Thus, the party spell resistance value seems to be 4%.

Shale's Party Role
A lot of people on BioWare Social Network forums complain about Shale being a poor tank and, at best, a mediocre damage-dealer. While these statements could use some rephrasing ('a poor end-game tank' and 'a mediocre end-game damage-dealer' would be more to the point, I trust), they are essentially true. But why do people stick with those Pulverizing Blows and/or Stoneheart talents, if they see they begin to suck worse than Dracula after a certain point in the game? I believe there are two main factors to it, one of which was, hopefully, addressed to a certain degree by my humble research: (a) the visuals: admittedly, Shale looks incredibly big and tough, so the common sense is telling us: "Wow! This golem probably has a sky-high armor and defense, half a billion hit points and can easily dish out damage equivalent to three adult dragons combined!"; now, granted, the empirical experience totally disagrees, but common sense is such a stubborn guy, you know; (b) a total lack of precise information concerning Shale's more 'sophisticated' talent trees (Rock Mastery and Stone Aura): it is only logical people are reluctant to invest in talents with such vague descriptions; at least, I was not buying these 'greatly increases X' and 'bestows significant bonus to Y' on my first playthrough (which eventually led to dumping Stoneheart-oriented Shale in Oghren's, and later, Loghain's favor): one man's 'significant bonus' may be another man's 'total waste of time'. Now, that factor (b) is partially dealt with, let the numbers speak for themselves.

I'd like to share some thoughts on proper Shale party role on Nightmare. Assuming you are an experienced player, and, as such, go to Honnleath immediately after Lothering to get Helm of Honnleath and Harvest Festival Ring, you can have Shale in your party circa level 8. The game auto-levels Shale putting some heavy emphasis on the Pulverizing Blows tree and investing quite evenly in strength and constitution (relative weightings on auto-level: 1.4:1.9). Actually, these are sound choices. Until level 12 or so, Shale will serve you best as a damage-dealer/secondary tank. Quake is an extremely good mass-damage skill early in the game. Slam has its uses as well. By level 12-13, your primary warrior character begins to outclass Shale both as a tank and as a damage-dealer. By then, hopefully, you will have Rock Mastery tree maxed out, as a major role switch is due. From now on, Shale's primary objectives are: (a) to stay close to the archer(s); (b) to use Rock Barrage in conjunction with Wynne's Earthquake to trivialize a lot of otherwise difficult fights against overwhelming odds; (c) to assist the ranged characters with carefully aimed Hurl Rock; (d) to provide a great control tool by using Earthen Grasp: I prefer to save it for emergencies (e. g. multiple enemies going after your archer and mage), but feel free to experiment; (e) to use Taunt in case the enemies refuse to leave your ranged characters alone (after all, Shale is much more durable than any mage or archer). I prefer to invest in Stone Aura tree only after I maximize the Rock Mastery talents: the bonuses provided by the former are better suited for end-game situations and are more mage-oriented than anything, if you ask me. A typical simplified end-game combat chart flow with a party consisting of tank, archer, mage and Shale should be: Rock Mastery -> Rock Barrage -> Hurl Rock -> Earthen Grasp -> etc. -> out of stamina -> Stone Aura.

Stat distribution and optimal gearing: enough constitution to wear the best Large Fire Crystal (see Large Crystals) available with the constitution bonus provided by the best Small Nature Crystal (see Small Crystals) available, the rest into strength (as it's the only stat affecting Shale's Rock Mastery talents damage; please note: the damage from talents is not converted to elemental damage as dictated by Small Crystal type). I suggest getting a Small Flawless Nature Crystal as early as you can by stealing from Piotin Aeducan in Orzammar Proving Grounds or an equivalently ranked target.

Serendipities
During my Shale talents research, I have occasionally stumbled upon several interesting pieces of addenda/corrigenda:


 * Paralysis Explosion (see: Spell Combinations) area of effect is definitely 7.5 m (=Fireball AoE), not 5 m.
 * Aura of Pain has a radius of 5 m, not of 4 ft (?!), as stated in the description. Also, a Reaver with full spell immunity (100% spell resistance) will still take full self-inflicted spirit damage from Aura of Pain.
 * A mage casting Drain Life on a spell immune target will still benefit from 'drained health', though the target takes no damage from the spell.

Shale Pulverizing Blows and Stoneheart Tree Talents Testing
I have decided to complete my little study in Shale talent mechanics. Again, all damage formulae are approximations. They work all right for Shale with strength attribute in 0-100 range, but will get progressively farther off the mark for Shale with strength 100+. Luckily, Shale with strength 100+ is a purely theoretical entity.

Pulverizing Blows Tree
With Pulverizing Blows tree maxed out, the following modifiers are applied to Shale's stats:, ,.

Stoneheart Tree
With Stoneheart tree maxed out, Shale gains the following benefits:, , ,.

A Note on Shale's Party Role
As I have already suggested, Shale's real forte is her ability to fit into a quite unique party buffer/ranged support niche. It doesn't mean she cannot fare reasonably well as a main tank or a melee damage-dealer. It's just by later mid-game (circa level 14+, when other characters gain their second specialization and the party is doing either A Paragon of Her Kind or The Urn of Sacred Ashes), any warrior companion outshines her both as a tank and as a melee damage-dealer. She sucks on a comparative, not on an absolute scale, so to say :)

Power of Blood Talents Testing
My undocumented DLC talents testing continued. This time, the designers apparently forgot to mention cooldown times in the descriptions. Otherwise, the tests was not overtly hard to conduct, as most of the Power of Blood abilities are pretty much straightforward. A couple of problems remain unsolved: for instance, the exact value of a passive bonus granted by Dark Passage or an exact amount of mana regenerated by Dark Sustenance. Then again, incomplete data is surely better than no data at all.

+X% Healing Received Bug
The modifier is badly bugged as of patch 1.03. It is tempting to say it does nothing. However, that would be untrue. It seems to take into account only one parameter when making percentile adjustments: the spellpower of the party member wearing the gear. Since the party member having the gear with this mod would probably be a warrior, is as close to being absolutely useless as it gets. The proof: some testing was conducted using health poultices, Heal spell (cast by another party member) and Devour talent (self-heal). The methodology was as follows: level 18 Alistair wearing a total of (Effort, Fade Wall, Oathkeeper, Reflection, Lifegiver, Key to the City, Creationist's Cord) was healed using the three methods mentioned above; then the same Alistair, stripped of any gear, was healed again using the same three methods. The results for Heal, cast by level 18 Wynne with 120 spellpower, were exactly the same in both cases. The results for health poultices and Devour varied by a point or two in favor of +100% healing received gear. This raises some questions concerning the true value of some extremely expensive (Lifegiver) or otherwise hard-to-get (Fade Wall) gear.

A list of equipment with in alphabetical order

 * Higher grade Large Ice Crystals also have this property (refer to Large Crystals for details).

Teyrn Loghain Mac Tir: Starting Stats, Talents, Unique Gear and Plot Skills
Cheating bastard!

- Simon Templeman, Return to Ostagar DLC

Loghain's Starting Stats
Relative Attribute Weightings on Auto-Level: Strength 0.95, Dexterity 0.8, Willpower 0.5, Magic 0, Cunning 0.15, Constitution 1.6.

Loghain's Starting Talents
Champion: War Cry, Rally, Motivate, Superiority.

Warrior: Powerful, Threaten, Bravery, Precise Striking, Taunt, Disengage, Perfect Striking.

Weapon and Shield Talents: Shield Bash, Shield Pummel, Overpower, Assault, Shield Block, Shield Cover, Shield Tactics, Shield Mastery.

Note: neither his strength, nor dexterity is high enough to normally learn high-tier Weapon and Shield Talents. It is also noteworthy he will have Superiority even if you trigger Landsmeet before he reaches level 16 (marginally possible, if you postpone all side quests and all DLC content until after Landsmeet).

Loghain's Plot Skills
Note: Loghain is the only party member gaining +4 and +6 instead of mere +3 and +4 as his major and massive attribute bonuses, respectively.

Existing Strategies
The Tank article currently lists a bunch of strategies, divided into two big categories: constitution-based tanking and dexterity-based tanking. If forced to choose between these two approaches, it is reasonable to go with the less trivial - namely, second one (for a detailed mathematical analysis of Evasion tanking advantages, see also: http://social.bioware.com/426838/blog/1581/). However, the starting assumptions on which the analytic part of this article is based are radically different from the ones used there, so it was only logical to start a separate article rather than adding a third section to the Tank article.

Key Principles
In DA:O, there are only three essential, and, it might be added, somewhat counter-intuitive, criteria defining whether a character is fit for a tank role. Curiously enough, a lot of superficially attractive parameters, like constitution, armor, defense, physical, mental and elemental resistances, flanking immunity or missile deflection play little to no role in successful tanking. The criteria mentioned above are: (a) threat management; (b) stun/knockdown immunity; (c) spell immunity. Each criterion is covered in more detail in its own separate sub-section below.

Threat Management
First and foremost, if one wants to keep it practical, tanking, especially on Nightmare difficulty, is all about drawing threat. Surprisingly, it seems to be the major pièce de résistance of this article. The information on Evasion tanks in the Tank article is, for all its originality, very off the mark as far as tanking per se is concerned: the builds proposed are no tanks, just certain characters that wouldn't be hit as often (ideally, they wouldn't be hit at all) as other characters. While this surely is a great advantage, one would be hard-pressed to imagine by what means a Rogue, or, to a lesser extent, an Arcane Warrior (the latter has some AoE spells that can do the job) is supposed to draw hostility as easily and effectively as any Warrior. Sky-high defense and evasion won't matter much, if the enemies go straight after your ranged attackers, ignoring the low-threat tank altogether. A list of effective threat control tools (obvious and not-so-obvious) no tank should forego includes: Taunt, Threaten, Frightening Appearance, Scattershot, Two-Handed Sweep. The inclusion of the first three talents is self-explanatory. Frightening Appearance is worth the investment, granting an effective 33.3% increase to threat generated by Taunt. Additional details on threat mechanics can be found here: Threat. It is noteworthy to point out that threat ranges from -1000 to 1000, so it is not hard to see an immediate +400 threat boost from Frightening Appearance-enhanced Taunt is very significant. Scattershot and Two-Handed Sweep are less self-explanatory, yet these are talents your tank should definitely have. Scattershot has invaluable advantages for the tank: it's a huge range (15 m) AoE auto-hitting talent generating solid threat on every target it hits. Since your tank, if built properly, is bound to have high dexterity and decent strength, the normal hit from Scattershot deals decent damage (~65 with level 18 Alistair). It is advisable to use enchanted arrows with Scattershot to boost the threat a bit more. All in all, it is a great combat opener for the tank: an immediate increase in threat generated by several hundred points. Two-Handed Sweep is, basically, similar to Scattershot: when the enemies approach, switch to your two-handed weapon of choice and use the talent. Since it happens to be one of the only AoE talents available to warrior class characters, generating quite a lot of threat per hit + resulting in possible knockdown, it is easy to see why it is so essential. Holy Smite, in addition to being a great talent overall, can generate some pretty decent AoE threat, but whether it's worth four points investment in a talent tree that is not too practical for a party tank is open to discussion. An additional threat management tool worth mentioning, albeit a negative one, is Feign Death. It is very desirable, since high-damage cunning and dexterity-based rogues (both DW and archery builds) can generate an insane amount of threat with constant strings of critical hits. Technically, Feign Death puts its user in unbreakable Stealth mode, thus saving the rogue and allowing the tank to use one of threat-generating skills to re-build threat. This is especially useful during tough single boss fights (the High Dragon is a good example). Perhaps Mind Blast should also be mentioned in negative threat management department: the spell sets all previously generated threat on targets to 1. While far from being a universally applicable threat management tool, it's still situationally useful. Bard's Distraction can be used much to the same effect.

Stun/Knockdown Immunity
One of the worst things that can happen to your tank on Nightmare is knockdown. AI tends to switch aggro upon successful knockdown, and that's one thing you don't want to see happening. Incapacitation of any kind (first and foremost, stun), admittedly, won't make the AI target other party members, but it will render your threat management talents unusable, and thus, should be avoided at any cost. Now, the most intuitively appealing solution is to stack a bunch of gear/runes on your Weapon and Shield Talents-oriented warrior having his Shield Wall mode on. Unfortunately, it's impossible without sacrificing a significant part of your tank's spell resistance gear, discussed below. A much better alternative is resorting to Two-Handed Talents, and relying entirely on the best warrior sustainable in the game (well, that's not a huge compliment) - Indomitable. This second tier talent makes you immune to any sort of knockdown or stun, except Overwhelm (Monster) and Grab. Then again, nothing protects against Overwhelm (Monster) and Grab, so learn to live with it. Investing in Two-Handed Talents has several benefits, apart from Indomitable. It's the most early game-friendly tree to go with: the best talents are, in fact, first and second tier. Sunder Arms, Pommel Strike and Indomitable is all you need until late mid-game (throw in Shattering Blows in case you prefer to finish A Paragon of Her Kind prior to other quest lines), so you can devote yourself fully to warrior/archery threat management talents, instead of investing frantically in Two-Handed Talents (that's exactly what you are forced to do if you go with Weapon and Shield Talents). The question of two-handed weapon choice naturally arises. Your ultimate tanking weapon should be:

It is ridiculously easy to get very early in the game for such a powerful weapon, assuming you have the Warden's Keep DLC installed. Just travel religiously between Honnleath and Flemeth's Hut, and The Crater event will trigger. Complete the Warden's Keep main quest, then bring the Meteor Metal Ore to Mikhael Dryden, and you are set for the rest of the game (Chasind Great Maul is theoretically a better choice, but it is available only after the Landsmeet).

Spell Immunity
Stacking spell resistance gear gives your tank the benefit of being immune to hostile magic, though, admittedly, that will start to be a somewhat theoretical scenario when your party mage gains Mana Clash spell: still, it will be a huge convenience throughout the game. It goes without saying you should aim for 100% spell resistance (no one can guarantee the very first Glyph of Paralysis that is going to be cast on your 96% spell resistant tank will not fall into those remaining 4%). It is attainable for any warrior companion in the game, and even more so, for a PC warrior. If you plan to achieve spell immunity, two key gear pieces are mandatory:

The good news is these items are available from the very start from Faryn in Frostback Mountain Pass and from Bodahn at the party camp, respectively. The bad news is you will have to pay a whopping total of ~159 for them.

A Note of Fire Resistance
That's actually a somewhat puzzling concept you can sometimes see mentioned in various strategy guides. The facts are you need fire resistance (=anti-dragon) gear four times in this game (two Dragons: one at Brecilian Ruins, one at Orzammar Royal Palace; two High Dragons: Flemeth and, well, the High Dragon). There are no other combat instances where fire resistance is a must. Therefore, a logical choice would be crafting a Greater Warmth Balm or two before attempting any dragon-slaying, instead of having a whole set of alternate tanking gear specifically designated for dragon encounters. The Balm gives for 3 minutes. Your tank's best choice when it comes to compensating for the missing 15% fire resistance is:

Indomitable, Yusaris enchanted with two Grandmaster Frost or Lightning runes, and Greater Warmth Balm are the only 'anti-dragon equipment' you need.

Ideal Tank Development and Gearing
There is not much choice as far as specializations go: Templar/Reaver is the best combination by far, granting you access to Knight Commander's Plate and Frightening Appearance. Also, if one feels like resorting to low-life tanking (having 20% life will make the AI concentrate on the tank regardless of threat generated by other party memebers 50% of a time, while having 10% life will increase that chance to 90%), using friendly fire-capable spells on the tank, then boosting his armor to the maximum (change gear mid-combat, if needed) and turning Blood Frenzy on will prove a very effective combination. Key talents no decent tank can do without: Taunt, Threaten, Frightening Appearance, Scattershot, Two-Handed Sweep, Indomitable. Stat distribution: strength in 35-40 range, the rest into dexterity. The optimal gear for this build is: or with an option of switching to Wolf-Killer in animal/demon-populated areas or enchanted with one Grandmaster and two Master Dweomer runes or

That accounts for full spell immunity in two-handed mode and a significant stamina boost. A typical simplified combat flow chart for this tank will look like this: Scattershot -> switch to Starfang (Greatsword) -> approach the enemies -> Two-Handed Sweep -> holding aggro -> ranged attackers draw too much threat -> Taunt. The only warrior companion suitable for this build is Alistair. Since you get him so early in the game, his initial Weapon and Shield Talents orientation should not cause any problems. A PC Dwarf warrior would be an ideal candidate, though, because of 10% inherent spell resistance.

An Alternative Approach to Wynne's Development and Party Role
Simply put, full magic build Wynne is the best DPS-oriented mage character, mage PC included, by a long shot. Full magic build means, first and foremost, investing exclusively into magic attribute, never touching willpower. Wynne's initial willpower, plus plot skill attribute bonus (+6 willpower), should suffice until you gain your specialization point and spend it on Blood Mage, both for the sake of its passive spellpower bonus, and for Blood Magic mode that will solve your potential problems in mana supply department. Four central pieces of gear you should acquire:

It's also highly advisable to have Black Hand Gauntlets and Dreamsever, since the most damaging spells/spell combinations in the game deal spirit damage. If you have Shale in your party, her Stone Aura, when maxed out, will grant an additional +10 spellpower boost. Overall, an adequately geared level 24 Wynne under the effects of Aneirin's Token-enhanced Vessel of the Spirit buff, Stone Aura, Spell Wisp and Spell Might should have an absolutely unparalleled total of. Practical implications? Being able to one-shot Gaxkang on Nightmare with Mana Clash is practical enough, I suppose: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WsT4ceTrw4

Ranged Attack Speed Bugs

 * Haste and Swift Salve slow down aim speed, increasing animation length by and, respectively. Sadly, this bug is not patched as of v. 1.03. This is a relevant script, to whomever it may concern:
 * // spell_constants_h
 * const float HASTE_AIM_SPEED_MODIFIER = 0.8f;
 * // spell_modal
 * eEffects[3] = EffectModifyProperty(PROPERTY_ATTRIBUTE_RANGED_AIM_SPEED, HASTE_AIM_SPEED_MODIFIER, PROPERTY_ATTRIBUTE_ATTACK, -5.0f); 


 * A workaround of sorts exists, effectively allowing your party melee attackers to benefit from Haste without making archers useless. Shale's Rock Mastery aura, especially in a duplicated form, overrides any aim speed penalties ( aim speed modifier will offset almost any combination of penalties). Some testing was conducted during this scenario: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFkR2qF7zs0
 * Another viable option is equipping Repeater Gloves that grant aim speed as  bonus.

Archery: An Efficient Approach
There seems to exist a curious concensus in DA:O gaming community as to archery being underpowered. However, that's true only to a certain extent: archery talents, indeed, are somewhat underpowered. Archery itself is not. Bugged? No doubt. Underpowered? No way.

Actually, there are three key principles to keeping your archers efficient: (a) use talents only when it's absolutely necessary; (b) have Shale in your party: Rock Mastery aura is one of the best buffs in the whole game, and it's archery-oriented, too; (c) don't even think of using Haste or Swift Salve - refer to Ranged Attack Speed Bugs.

One may wonder, why refrain from using talents? As a rule of thumb, archery talents are all built around pretty solid game designer ideas, but suffer from serious meta-balance issues: in other words, their cost:efficiency ratio in comparison to other talents/spells is just very, very bad. Cost, in this case, represents both stamina cost per se and conjuration time. For example, let's take a closer look at Arrow of Slaying: in theory, it looks great. However, 3 seconds conjuration time, plus high stamina cost, plus post-use penalties make it much less appealing: with a proper setup, you could have 2-3 critical hits scored by the time it takes you to unleash one Arrow of Slaying - at zero stamina cost, without any consecutive penalties. Not to mention that even damage-wise, 3 crits are better than one Arrow of Slaying (unless one is fighting critter-rank enemies, that is, yet one really doesn't need to resort to Arrow of Slaying do defeat critters).

Thus, the main problem seems to be, indeed, finding that proper setup. First of all, rogue is vastly superior to fighter due to Lethality talent and Bard specialization. Basically, the only mandatory archery talents are Aim and Master Archer. As far as active talents go, Shattering Shot and Scattershot are the best of the bunch, although even that huge -20 armor penalty applied by the former with Master Archer is hardly worth it in non-boss fights, while the latter is more of a threat management talent than anything else (see Tanking: An Alternative Approach for details). Stat distribution: enough dexterity to equip your weapon of choice with Fade, gear and specialization bonuses, the rest into cunning. Dexterity-based archers are easier to start with (no attack rating issues; however, cunning build archer rogues have a decent option of choosing Duelist for a first specialization, thus effectively solving the problem), but overall much worse mid- to late-game due to armor penetration problems. The best specialization by far for your archer is Bard due to Song of Courage. Essentially, Aim + Song of Courage + Rock Mastery combination is what makes your cunning-based archer worth the investment. You should aim for a permanent auto-crit. While Pinpoint Strike buff works nicely with ranged attacks, it lasts only 15 seconds and has a whopping 3 minutes cooldown time. Permanent auto-crit is attainable even for an entire archer party (PC archer, Leliana, Zevran, Shale). Please refer to this video to see some practical implications of this approach: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHKTJLCkvjI

Some gear to consider is:

It goes without saying, if you have only one archer in your party, Far Song is your best option as far as weapon choice is concerned. Somewhat surprisingly, gear is nice to have, but ultimately non-essential. It is actually better to have + dexterity, + cunning, or, ideally, + all stats gear piece equipped than one. Of course, the trade-off should be within common sense limits: it would be extremely unwise to unequip Red Jenny Seekers for the sake of Dalish Gloves, for instance; yet Felon's Coat will boost your archer's damage much better than Warden Commander Armor.

Pre-buffing plays an important role for cunning-based Bard archer rogue. Both Song of Courage and The Tainted Blade bonuses are calculated based on your cunning at the moment they were activated. Equip + cunning gear, buff, unequip. It should be noted The Tainted Blade has a very annoying tendency to turn off during any dialogue/cutscene, so stay alert. Some pre-buff gear to consider is:

A bonus of is very significant (refer to Song of Courage and The Tainted Blade damage formulae). In fact, you should probably have Guildmaster's Belt (at least, pre-Andruil's Blessing) and Dusk Ring equipped in-combat, too.

Unfortunately, enchanted arrows are as close to being useless in DA:O as it gets: early-game, they are scarce enough, while having a truly epic resistable +3 nature damage bonus from Arrow of Filth mid-game+, when your archer, if properly built, should be dealing consistent 100+ damage per crit, is not too impressive. Andraste's Arrows and Elf-Flight Arrow are the only enchanted arrow types to be taken seriously, but their very limited quantity and situational usefullness do not make them too attractive, either.

A Note on Massive Armor Use
Only massive chest armor affects ranged attack speed. An archer can equip massive helmet, boots, and gloves without suffering aiming speed penalty, as long as he meets strength requirements for those gear pieces. Since archers are not about talent-spamming, fatigue factor should not be much of a concern. Overall, there are two massive armor pieces useful for any archer build:

It's hard to argue with an enormous bonus from Corruption. This is the best archer helmet in the game, outclassing even Helm of Honnleath: simply put, +5 to damage modifying attribute is better than a total of +4 to damage modifying attributes, not to mention instantly maximized spirit resistance. The problem with Corruption is you obtain it very late into the game. On the other hand, the imported Warden archer will be able to put it to good use in DAA until he finds a worthy alternative. Cailan's Gauntlets are the only improvement on Red Jenny Seekers in DA:O: the same, more armor. Since it is a Return to Ostagar item, it is also DAA-transferable. For more thoughts on DAA-exportable archer gear, see: Exporting the Warden Archer to DAA: Gear & Party Problems A reasonable question might arise at this point: while dexterity build can just invest in strength to meet the requirements, how is cunning-based archer supposed to equip those items? In fact, it is possible to equip those armor pieces with minimal investment into strength, if the archer has Dual-Weapon Mastery (he should have enough unspent talent points by end-game). Temporary strength-enhancing gear setup includes:

or any other ring granting +2 to strength

Blood Dragon Plate This setup, plus strength bonus from Fade essences, will net a total of. There would be a need to equip some minor strength-enhancing gear, like Barbarian Mace or Shadow of the Empire first in order to equip some of the major strength-enhancing items. Luckily, one will have to go through this tiresome process only once.

Ranged Weapon Aim Speed and Aim Speed Modifiying Factors Reference Sheet
Base weapon aim speed values in DA:O are: 0.2s for shortbows, 0.3s for longbows, 0.8s for crossbows. Aim speed modifiers (in other words, rate of fire bonuses and penalties) have a minimum hard cap of and a maximum hard cap of. However, aim speed can only be effectively reduced to 0 (apparently, animation length cannot be negative). There are several factors affecting aim speed, some of them, unfortunately, severely bugged -- see Ranged Attack Speed Bugs for details. The following reference sheet covers aim speed modifying abilities, gear, and consumables:
 * Rock Mastery: or  (after area transition).
 * on Repeater Gloves:.
 * Rapid Shot: up to (with Master Archer).
 * on Antique Warden Crossbow:.
 * on Armsman's Tensioner, Camenae's Barbute, Falon'Din's Reach, Far Song, Marjolaine's Recurve, Spear-Thrower:.
 * on Dalish Longbow, Scout's Bow:.
 * Haste:.
 * Swift Salve:.
 * Aim:.

Massive Chest Armor Penalty and Base Attack Timing
The massive chest armor penalty is applied directly to Base Attack Timing, in other words, to the default ranged attack animation length with Aim Speed 0. The BAT for massive (heavy/massive without Master Archer) chest armor is 2.0s, for any other chest armor it is 0.8s, after which, the game engine adds a flat +0.8s animation length. Thus, the maximum fire rate attainable with any chest armor but heavy/massive is, while the maximum fire rate with heavy/massive chest armor is. Please note Aim Speed modifiers do not affect these values -- Aim Speed calculations are applied on top of BAT.

General Enemy Types
Demon type:,. Darkspawn type:,. High Dragon type (High Dragon and Flemeth):. Undead type:,.

Specific Boss Monsters & Monster Sub-Types
Abomination:. Arcane Horror:. Archdemon:. Broodmother:,. Genlock:,. Hurlock:, ,. Ogre:, ,. Revenant:. Steel Golem:,. Stone Golem:,. Wild Sylvan:.

Shapeshifter Forms
Bear (monster and Shapeshifter form):. Flying Swarm (Shapeshifter form):, ,. Spider (monster and Shapeshifter form):,.

Monster Resistances and Immunities Analysis
An obvious conslusion one can draw from this reference sheet and the Immunities list is electricity and spirit are most rarely resisted types of elemental damage, with no emenies are immune to them, while nature is (a) most commonly resisted, (b) an unparalleled number of creatures is immune to it, and (c) not a single enemy in the game has a nature damage weakness. Consider also the stamina draining effect from electrical damage and the fact the most damaging spells and spell combinations in the game are spirit-based (Mana Drain, Entropic Death, Virulent Walking Bomb, Blood Control). Fire damage is quite frequently resisted, but this is fully offset by the fact both Darkspawn and Undead type enemies have weakness to fire. Cold damage is also commonly resisted, but since cold-based spells are rarely used for direct damage purposes, this should not present a problem (see Cone of Cold for more information). It is also noteworthy spell resistance is extremely rare, and even when present, its value is quite low, so certain spells/spell combinations (Paralysis Explosion, for example) are almost guaranteed to work under any conditions.

More Archery Experiments: Findings
(1) As of version 1.03, crossbows do not gain damage boni from either strength or dexterity. Tested with str/dex 50, 80 and 100 Alistair equipped with Antivan Crossbow. The damage was unchanged regardless of str/dex attribute value. (2) As of version 1.03, massive armor penalty to aiming speed is not implemented fully. The wording should be changed to massive chest armor penalty to aiming speed.

Gear
Since DLC loot (except Return to Ostagar items) is not DAA-exportable, it is high time to think of alternatives. My cunning-based Dwarf Noble rogue archer had dexterity and strength raised above the absolutely necessary minimum, since I find rushing the Circle of Magi for the Fade boni immediately counter-productive for a full archer party, and actually prefer to concentrate on the The Stone Prisoner and Return to Ostagar DLC, as well as Nature of the Beast and Paragon of Her Kind quest lines first. Basically, she was using Helm of Honnleath and Cadash Stompers as regular combat gear for the greater part of the game. Pre-buff gear was comprised almost exclusively from DLC items: Duncan's Sword, Dead Thaig Shanker, Guildmaster's Belt. Some temporary strength-boosting items were also DLC: most notably, Blood Dragon Plate. So what's left? Well, the pre-buff gear suffers the most: no Dead Thaig Shanker (the only exportable alternative is Aeducan Family Shield) and Guildmaster's Belt (exportable alternative: Andruil's Blessing) equals to  while pre-buffing. That's significant. The gear fares a bit better: losing Blood Dragon Plate (alternative: Shadow of the Empire) and Helm of Honnleath (no  alternative, sadly) will result in. Which means I'll probably have to invest all of my lvl 26 attribute points into strength, since I'm not eager to be unable to re-equip Corruption or Cailan's Gauntlets once they get removed. Which brings us to combat gear. In fact, Corruption is better than Helm of Honnleath, so no problems here. Cailan's Gauntlets, luckily, are exportable. The only DLC item to be replaced is Cadash Stompers. A shame, really: that ranged critical chance bonus was extremely handy. Silverhammer's Tackmasters are the only alternative. The rest will remain intact: Far Song, Felon's Coat, The Spellward/Heart of Witherfang, Andruil's Blessing, Dusk Ring, Key to the City. By the way, those massive armor pieces make my rogue look more ugly than ever -- well, at least the item properties are worth it:

Party
I'll be lost without Shale. Her Rock Mastery aura was the key element that made full archer party so deadly. Sure enough, Repeater Gloves can compensate for any loss of aim speed, but attaining permanent auto-crit without Shale will be tough. No ideas, except abusing the hell of Pinpoint Strike (saving and reloading whenever possible to reset that insane 180s cooldown timer). As far as archer companions go, we'll have Nathaniel Howe -- apparently DAA's Leliana (archer rogue companion), and Sigrun -- apparently DAA's Zevran (melee rogue companion). If Beyond the Veil works with ranged attacks, respecializing Mhairi or Justice can be a viable option. I also want to believe Velanna will have some crit-enhancing buff or some mass immobilizing spell. Hunter's Blessing, let's say. Or, at least, Mass Root. Preferably both. That would be so elfish and druidic of her, right? Seriously, Shale-less archer party will need a buffer/controller. Desperately. And that Anders guy surely does not look too promising in this department.

DAA pre-order DLC Items
Both Bregan's Bow and Pearl of the Anointed are very useful for this archer build. According to my calculations, Bregan's Bow will marginally outclass Far Song damage-wise due to and. Its short range and huge armor penetration bonus make it an especially attractive for dexterity-based Assassin/Bard archers (Zevran type), that make use of Mark of Death. And, finally, we get an amulet granting a bonus of to damage-affecting attributes. Great news, indeed.

Patch 1.03: Testing Bug Fixes
Since our friends at BioWare are not eager to share the exact details on bug fixes introduced in this patch, I'm going to check the following bugs: Great. Nothing was fixed.
 * +% to healing effects received bug
 * Ranged attack speed slowdown by Haste/Swift Salve
 * Shale's Rock Mastery double effect exploit
 * Crossbow damage not affected by attribute values
 * Heavy armor other than chest not affecting ranged attack speed
 * Loading game resets cooldown timer

Project Duncan (Work Permanently in Progress)
People like giving their projects fancy names. Duncan, DA:O master-at-arms par excellence and a rogue of great renown, will serve in this case. This project's purpose is to compile a mechanics database as detailed and accurate as possible, obtaining relevant information from different sources (including independent research). Yes, that means Georg Zoeller, Lead Technical Designer and all that, got brutally robbed here. 'Stealing success!', to quote the UI message.

Bibdy's Detailed Tooltips 1.6 (http://social.bioware.com/project/1117/)
Core mechanics data:
 * Dog Talents
 * Poisons
 * Potions
 * Spell Combinations
 * Traps
 * Archery Talents
 * Rogue Talents
 * Dual-Wielding Talents
 * Two-Handed Talents
 * Weapon and Shield Talents
 * Warrior Talents
 * Earthquake, Revival, Cleansing Aura, Glyph of Paralysis, Animate Dead
 * Assorted Minor Spell Mechanics Addenda & Corrigenda
 * Assassin
 * Bard
 * Duelist
 * Berserker
 * Templar
 * Champion

Georg Zoeller's DA:O - The Missing Manual (http://dragonage.gulbsoft.org/doku.php/)
Range, conjuration time and additional threat generated sub-sections:
 * Archery
 * Dual-Wielding
 * Weapon and Shield
 * Two-Handed
 * Warrior
 * Rogue
 * Assassin
 * Bard
 * Duelist
 * Ranger
 * Berserker
 * Templar
 * Champion
 * Reaver
 * Shale
 * Dog
 * Arcane
 * Blood Mage
 * Arcane Warrior
 * Spirit Healer
 * Shapeshifter
 * Primal
 * Spirit
 * Creation
 * Entropy
 * Power of Blood

DA Builder Wiki (http://social.bioware.com/wiki/datoolset/index.php/Main_Page), ABI_base.xls, AOE.xls
Assorted addenda and corrigenda.

My Contributions

 * User contributions